Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Central sleep apnea is not as common as obstructive sleep apnea, but it has serious health effects just the same. Unlike obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea is caused by a problem with the central nervous system rather than an airway obstruction. In central sleep apnea, the brain does not signal the muscles that control breathing while sleeping.
Causes of Central Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Central sleep apnea usually occurs in people who have or had serious illnesses or injuries. Some conditions that may cause this sleep disorder include:
- Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern
- Encephalitis
- Neurodegenerative illnesses
- Stroke
- Heart and kidney problems
- Severe degenerative changes to the spine
- Drug use including opioid pain medications
In many cases, the cause of central sleep apnea is unknown.
Central Sleep Apnea Symptoms
- Shortness of breath while sleeping and abrupt awakenings
- Observed episodes of abnormal breathing or stopped breathing during sleep
- Difficulty staying asleep (insomnia)
- Excessive daytime sleepiness
- Snoring can accompany central sleep apnea, but it is not a prominent symptom as it is with obstructive sleep apnea.
Complications
Sleep disruptions put stress on the cardiovascular system and can raise blood pressure increasing the risk of stroke and heart failure.
As with other types of sleep apnea, central sleep apnea can result in extreme daytime fatigue due to continually interrupted sleep.
Central Sleep Apnea Treatment
Since central sleep apnea is often associated with other conditions such as heart problems, addressing the primary condition is usually the first course of treatment. In addition, some of the self-help options that are recommended for people with obstructive sleep apnea can help those with central sleep apnea as well:
- Lose weight
- Reduce or eliminate alcohol, drug and cigarette use
- Sleep on your side
- Breathing strips or nasal sprays that help reduce nasal congestion
If you are concerned that you or someone you love may have a sleeping disorder consult with your doctor or visit a sleep center for professional diagnosis and treatment.
Disclaimer: These statements and products are not intended to diagnose, treat and cure or prevent disease. Always consult your physician regarding any sleeping disorders.
